# Apple Passport — reference data

These educational spans are the smaller and larger of two published mean measurements. They are NOT observed individual-fruit min–max ranges, guaranteed retail specifications, or percentages of sugar. Total soluble solids are reported in °Brix. Acidity also affects perceived sweetness. Actual lots require measurement.

## Apple Passport: same-site South Tyrol study

Agnolet et al. (2017), *Dietary Elements and Quality Parameters of 34 Old and Eight Commercial Apple Cultivars Grown at the same Site in South Tyrol, Italy*, supplementary Table S1.

Source: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-017-0336-8

Values below are means from the 2008 harvest and after 60 days at 2°C and 90% relative humidity; the game displays their span. Uncertainty estimates in the paper are not incorporated into these spans.

| Cultivar | Harvest mean | Post-storage mean | Displayed span (°Brix) |
|---|---:|---:|---:|
| Granny Smith | 10.1 | 12.7 | 10.1–12.7 |
| Red Delicious | 13.0 | 12.9 | 12.9–13.0 |
| Golden Delicious | 12.6 | 13.1 | 12.6–13.1 |
| Gala | 13.0 | 13.9 | 13.0–13.9 |
| Fuji | 14.4 | 15.5 | 14.4–15.5 |
| Cripps Pink | 14.6 | 14.9 | 14.6–14.9 |

The bonus compares Fuji, Gala, Golden Delicious and Granny Smith. Fuji has the highest upper end in this particular comparison. This does not establish a universal ranking.

The Pink Lady photograph is source-labelled as a brand, not verified as exact Cripps Pink. It is used for a brand-knowledge question. The Cripps Pink range belongs to the cultivar in the study, not every apple sold under the brand. See https://pinkladyapples.co.uk/faq/ . Gala is not relabelled Royal Gala without strain evidence.

Photo attribution and reuse information: [CREDITS.md](CREDITS.md).

## Implementation consistency

The single `tss` data map in `src/appletest-data.js` supplies answer cards, final review cards, bonus reference ranges and the computed bonus winner. The game retains four choices per question, one correct answer, and a final TSS question after all ordinary rounds. Practice repeats only missed questions.